Uwais ibn Amir ibn Jaz’ ibn Malik al-Qarani (Arabic: أُوَيْس ٱبْن عَامِر ٱبْن جَزْء ٱبْن مَالِك ٱلْقَرَنِيّ, ʾUways ibn ʿĀmir ibn Jazʾ ibn Mālik al-Qaranīy), also spelled Uways or Owais, was a Muslim from Yemen who lived during the lifetime of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.[1]
His burial place is in Raqqa, Syria. Although he lived during the lifetime of Prophet Muhammad, he never physically met him so he is not counted among the Companions of the Prophet.
Among the Tabi’un he is specially known as Khayr al-Tabi’een (Arabic: خَيْر ٱلتَّابِعِين, lit. ‘The Best of the Tabi’un’) and Sayyid al-Tabi’een Fi Zamanahu (Arabic: سَيِّد ٱلتَّابِعِين فِي زَمَانَه, lit. ‘Leader of the Tabi’un of his Era’). His memorial shrine is in al-Raqqah, Syria. It was destroyed by ISIS in 2013.[2]
Uwais al-Qarani mainly greatly revered for his historical piety, particularly his legendary filial piety, which prompted Muslim communities in later era expressed their veneration in various ways as Muhammad has giving the glad tiding about his moral and ethic conduct as Mumin.[4][3] Which bestowed title of Khayr al-Tabi’een or best Tabi’in by Muhammad himself in series of Hadith narration recorded by Sahih Muslim and Kitab al-Wafi bi’l-Wafayat of Safadi.[8] His humility for not seeking fame and his filial piety in history prompted Arabian poets to bestowed him as “Majhul an fi al Ardh, Ma’rufin fi as-Samaa” which translate as “unknown on earth (among humans), but famously acknowledged on heavens (by Allah and His Angels)”.[4]
The appraisal of him as the best Tabi’un came from an-Nawawi in his book, Al-Minhaj bi Sharh Sahih Muslim, in a part of commentary of Hadith came from Umar which recorded by Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj which mentioned the prophecy from Muhammad who praising Uwais, despite never saw him.[4] While ad-Dhahabi praised Uwais as “The ascetic role model, the leader of the Tabi’un in his time”.[3] Al-Hakim al-Nishapuri gave short commentary in his book, that Uwais were “the monk of Ummah”.[3]
Another virtue that appraised for Uwais are weak hadith of ‘Abdullah ibn Abi’l-Jad‘a’ about the virtue of intercession from Uwais alone were better than whole Banu Tamim, which commentary by Hasan al-Basri that the Hadith were particularly came appraisal for Uwais.[3] In architectural legacy, there was mosque that was named after Uwais in Mosul, Iraq, but it was destroyed in 2014.[9]
In modern time, Muhammad Hassan Haniff asserting the case of Uwais taking care of his mother alone and not migrate to Medina as case to refute the extremist ideology of ISIS, pointing out the conduct of Uwais of not immediately migrate to territory of caliphate and not immediately engage in Jihad during the first years of Islam as he prioritize his elderly mother, which agreed by Muhammad and the companions, as refutation that ISIS ideology were flawed according to Islamic teaching.[10]
Sufi orders
The Uwaisi form of Islamic mysticism was named after Uwais, as it refers to the transmission of spiritual knowledge between two individuals without the need for physical interaction between them all.[11][12][13] For example the contemporary “Silsila Owaisi” order led by Shaykh Banaras Owaisi is active in the United Kingdom.[14]
Meanwhile, there are another Sufi order named Muhamadia Uwaisia Order is blessed to Khawaja Shaykh Muhammad Owais Naqibi Qadri Suharwardi AbuAlAlai Naqshbandi, Chishti Sabri Jahangiri. Shaykh Muhammad Owais was granted permission of Uwaisia silsila directly from Prophet Muhammad in his court in Madinah in 1st Shaban 1434 AH (2013 CE) and Muhammad blessed this silsila with the name “Mohammadia Uwaisia” (or “Muhammadia Uwaisia” or “Muhammadiya Uwaisia” or “Muhammdiya Owaisia”; Arabic: محمدئة أُوَيْسئة).[15] Last shaykh of silsla Uwaisa was Nūr ad-Dīn ‘Abd ar-Rahmān Jāmī (Persian: نورالدین عبدالرحمن جامی) (1414-1492 CE)
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